A Granular Ball–Ant Colony Optimization Framework Enhanced by Variable Neighborhood Search for the Multi-Depot Half-Open Time-Dependent EVRP (2026)
Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Authors Yingkai Xu, Anikó Kopacz, Camelia Chira Abstract The widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in urban logistics has led to the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) emerging as a prominent topic in combinatorial optimization research. To improve the efficiency of urban logistics distribution and minimize operational…