A Hybrid Granular Ball-Ant Colony Optimization for the Multi-Depot Half-Open Time-Dependent Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (2025)
IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation Authors Yingkai Xu, Anikó Kopacz, Camelia Chira Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly utilized in logistics and distribution to expedite achieving carbon peaking and neutrality goals, drawing considerable attention to the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP). This study investigates the Multi-Depot Half-Open Time-Dependent Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (MDHOTDEVRP) and…