{"id":25,"date":"2007-02-27T21:26:05","date_gmt":"2007-02-27T21:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/?p=25"},"modified":"2019-01-03T11:08:37","modified_gmt":"2019-01-03T09:08:37","slug":"sisteme-de-operare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/sisteme-de-operare\/","title":{"rendered":"Sisteme de operare"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sisteme
\nAutori: Florian Mircea Boian, Alexandru Vancea, Darius Bufnea, Claudiu Cobarzan, Rares Boian, Adrian Sterca, Dan Cojocar
\nTitlu: Sisteme de operare<\/i>
\nEditura: Risoprint
\nAnul aparitiei: 2006
\nISBN: 973-751-220-0, 978-973-751-220-8
\nPagini: 350<\/p>\n

Cuprins<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1<\/td>\nElemente de interfa\u0163\u0103 exterioar\u0103 Unix<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1<\/td>\nProbleme generale \u015fi primele comenzi<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.1<\/td>\nStructura unei comenzi, evit\u0103ri \u015fi specific\u0103ri generice<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.2<\/td>\nNumele unui fi\u015fier Unix<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.3<\/td>\nSpecificare \u00een structura de directoare<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4<\/td>\nPrimele comenzi<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.1<\/td>\nComanda login<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.2<\/td>\nComanda passwd<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.3<\/td>\nTerminarea unei sesiuni de lucru.<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.4<\/td>\nManualele Unix<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.5<\/td>\nComanda man<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.4.6<\/td>\nComanda more<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.1.5<\/td>\nExpresii regulare<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2<\/td>\nComenzi standard Unix<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1<\/td>\nComenzi de manipulare a directoarelor \u015fi fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.1<\/td>\nAfi\u015farea numelui directorului curent<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.2<\/td>\nListarea con\u0163inutului unui director<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.3<\/td>\nSchimbarea directorului curent<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.4<\/td>\nAfi\u015farea unui fi\u015fier la ie\u015firea standard<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.5<\/td>\nAfi\u015farea unui \u00eenceput sau a unui sf\u00e2r\u015fit de fi\u015fier<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.6<\/td>\nCompararea a dou\u0103 fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.7<\/td>\nDeterminarea (aproximativ\u0103) a tipurilor fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.8<\/td>\nC\u0103utare de fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.9<\/td>\nCrearea unui director<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.10<\/td>\nCopierea unui fi\u015fier<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.11<\/td>\nComanda de mutare (redenumire) a fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.1.12<\/td>\n\u015etergeri de fi\u015fiere sau de directoare<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2<\/td>\nFiltre Unix<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.1<\/td>\nComanda grep<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.2<\/td>\nComanda sort<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.3<\/td>\nEditorul sed<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.4<\/td>\nComanda tr<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.5<\/td>\nComanda wc<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.2.6<\/td>\nComenzile od \u015fi dd<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.3<\/td>\nEditorul de texte vi<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.2.4<\/td>\nUtilitarul awk<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3<\/td>\nComunicarea \u00eentre utilizatori<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.1<\/td>\nComunicarea on-line \u00eentre utilizatori<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.1.1<\/td>\nComanda write<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.1.2<\/td>\nComanda mesg<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.2<\/td>\nPo\u015fta electronic\u0103<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.2.1<\/td>\nComanda mailx<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.2.2<\/td>\nUtilitarul pine<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.3<\/td>\nInform\u0103ri individuale<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.3.4<\/td>\nLansarea la termen a unui program<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4<\/td>\nControlul comenzilor<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4.1<\/td>\nComanda tee<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4.2<\/td>\nComanda nice<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4.3<\/td>\nComanda nohup<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4.4<\/td>\nComanda kill<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.4.5<\/td>\nComanda ps<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nShell \u015fi programarea \u00een shell<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.1<\/td>\nInterpretoare de comenzi shell<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.1.1<\/td>\nPrincipalele interpretoare de comenzi shell<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.1.2<\/td>\nLansarea \u00een execu\u0163ie a shell-ului<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.1.3<\/td>\nFunc\u0163ionarea unui interpretor de comenzi shell<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2<\/td>\nProgramarea \u00een shell<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.1<\/td>\nMorfologia \u015fi sintaxa limbajului sh<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.1.1<\/td>\nGramatica limbajului sh<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.1.2<\/td>\nUn exemplu de fi\u015fier de comenzi<\/td>\n39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.2<\/td>\nComenzi simple \u015fi succesiuni de comenzi<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.2.1<\/td>\nPreciz\u0103ri privind semantica lexicului sh<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.2.2<\/td>\nGruparea comenzilor pe o linie<\/td>\n41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.2.3<\/td>\nFi\u015fierele standard ale unei comenzi. Redirectarea, suprapunerea \u015fi conectarea acestora<\/td>\n42<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.3<\/td>\nVariabile shell \u015fi mecanisme de substitu\u0163ie<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.3.1<\/td>\nSubstitu\u0163ie cu ie\u015fire standard<\/td>\n44<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.3.2<\/td>\nVariabile shell \u015fi substitu\u0163ia cu valorile lor<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.3.3<\/td>\nVariabile shell predefinite (variabile de mediu)<\/td>\n47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.3.4<\/td>\nReferirea la argumentele din linia de comand\u0103<\/td>\n48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4<\/td>\nComenzi Unix utile \u00een contextul program\u0103rii shell<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.1<\/td>\nshift<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.2<\/td>\nread<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.3<\/td>\nsleep<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.4<\/td>\nexit<\/td>\n51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.5<\/td>\nuniq<\/td>\n51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.6<\/td>\ncut<\/td>\n51<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.7<\/td>\necho<\/td>\n52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.8<\/td>\ntest<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.4.9<\/td>\nexpr<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.5<\/td>\nStructuri de control alternative shell<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.5.1<\/td>\nif<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.5.2<\/td>\ncase<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.6<\/td>\nStructuri de control repetitive shell<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.6.1<\/td>\nfor<\/td>\n59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.6.2<\/td>\nwhile \u015fi until<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.6.3<\/td>\ntrue, false, break, continue<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.2.7<\/td>\nTratarea liniei de comand\u0103<\/td>\n62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3<\/td>\nAplica\u0163ii shell<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.1<\/td>\nConfigur\u0103ri ini\u0163iale ale shell-urilor<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.1.1<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere de ini\u0163ializare sh \u015fi bash<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.1.2<\/td>\nPrompter dinamic sh<\/td>\n64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.1.3<\/td>\nPersonaliz\u0103ri utile bash<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2<\/td>\nExemple de aplica\u0163ii sh<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.1<\/td>\nO aplica\u0163ie de supraveghere<\/td>\n66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.2<\/td>\nConversii Linux – DOS<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.3<\/td>\nReunirea fi\u015fierelor tip\u0103ribile \u00eentr-un singur fi\u015fier: pall<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.4<\/td>\nEdit\u0103ri succesive de programe sh urmate de compilare<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.5<\/td>\nC\u0103utare \u015fir \u00eentr-o structur\u0103 de fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.3.2.6<\/td>\nAfi\u015fare arbore de fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nStructura SO Unix<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1<\/td>\nEvolu\u0163ie \u015fi versiuni<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1.1<\/td>\nScurt istoric<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1.2<\/td>\nDescenden\u0163a \u015fi rela\u0163iile dintre diverse SO Unix<\/td>\n77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1.3<\/td>\nStandarde<\/td>\n78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1.3.1<\/td>\nPOSIX<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.1.3.2<\/td>\nBiblioteca C de la GNU<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2<\/td>\nStructura sistemului de operare Unix<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.1<\/td>\nCaracteristici, entit\u0103\u0163i participante, contexte de lucru<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.2<\/td>\nPrincipalele componente<\/td>\n82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.2.1<\/td>\nPartea de servicii<\/td>\n82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.2.2<\/td>\nKernel<\/td>\n83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.3<\/td>\nCe sunt apelurile sistem?<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.3.1<\/td>\nApeluri sistem Unix \u015fi apeluri API<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.3.2<\/td>\nUn exemplu de apel sistem \u00een diverse variante<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.2.3.3<\/td>\nTrecerea la modul de lucru nucleu pe arhitectura Intel<\/td>\n88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nSistemul de fi\u015fiere Unix<\/td>\n93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1<\/td>\nStructura arborescent\u0103 \u015fi leg\u0103turi suplimentare<\/td>\n93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.1<\/td>\nTipuri de fi\u015fiere \u015fi sisteme de fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n93<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.2<\/td>\nLeg\u0103turi hard \u015fi leg\u0103turi simbolice<\/td>\n94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.3<\/td>\nConceptul de montare<\/td>\n97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.4<\/td>\nProtec\u0163ia fi\u015fierelor Unix<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.4.1<\/td>\nDrepturi de acces<\/td>\n99<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.4.2<\/td>\nDrepturi implicite: umask<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.4.3<\/td>\nDrepturi de lansare, drepturi program executabil, bi\u0163ii setuid \u015fi setgid<\/td>\n101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.1.5<\/td>\nPrincipalele directoare ale unui sistem de fi\u015fiere Unix<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2<\/td>\nStructura intern\u0103 a discului Unix<\/td>\n106<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2.1<\/td>\nParti\u0163ii \u015fi blocuri<\/td>\n106<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2.2<\/td>\nDirectori \u015fi inoduri<\/td>\n107<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2.3<\/td>\nSchema de alocare a blocurilor disc pentru un fi\u015fier<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.2.4<\/td>\nAccesul proceselor la fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n110<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3<\/td>\nApeluri sistem pentru lucrul cu fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.1<\/td>\nOpera\u0163ii I\/O<\/td>\n112<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.2<\/td>\nApelul sistem open<\/td>\n113<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.3<\/td>\nApelul sistem close<\/td>\n114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.4<\/td>\nApelurile sistem read \u015fi write<\/td>\n114<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.5<\/td>\nApelul sistem lseek<\/td>\n116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.6<\/td>\nApelurile sistem dup \u015fi dup2<\/td>\n116<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.3.7<\/td>\nApelul sistem fcntl<\/td>\n117<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.4<\/td>\nGestiunea fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.4.1<\/td>\nManevrarea fi\u015fierelor \u00een sistemul de fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n118<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.4.2<\/td>\nCreat, truncate, readdir<\/td>\n119<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.4.3<\/td>\nUn exemplu: ob\u0163inerea tipului de fi\u015fier prin apelul sistem stat<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5<\/td>\nAlte apeluri sistem<\/td>\n121<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.1<\/td>\nTime<\/td>\n121<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.2<\/td>\nUmask<\/td>\n121<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.3<\/td>\nGethostname<\/td>\n122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.4<\/td>\nGettimeofday<\/td>\n122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.5<\/td>\nMmap \u015fi munmap<\/td>\n122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.6<\/td>\nFsync \u015fi fdatasync<\/td>\n122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.7<\/td>\nUname<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5.8<\/td>\nSelect \u015fi seturi de descriptori<\/td>\n123<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.6<\/td>\nBlocarea fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.6.1<\/td>\nUn (contra)exemplu<\/td>\n124<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.6.2<\/td>\nTipuri de blocare<\/td>\n125<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.6.3<\/td>\nBlocarea conciliant\u0103 prin fcntl<\/td>\n126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.6.4<\/td>\nBlocare prin lockf \u015fi flock<\/td>\n127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nProcese Unix<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1<\/td>\nFormatul ELF al unui fi\u015fier executabil Unix<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1.1<\/td>\nStructura<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1.2<\/td>\nAntetul<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1.3<\/td>\nAntetele de sec\u0163iuni<\/td>\n130<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.1.4<\/td>\nUn exemplu<\/td>\n131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2<\/td>\nProcese Unix<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.1<\/td>\nStructura unui proces<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.1.1<\/td>\nContextul utilizator<\/td>\n133<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.1.2<\/td>\nContextul nucleu<\/td>\n134<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2<\/td>\nApelurile sistem de baz\u0103 pentru gestiunea proceselor<\/td>\n138<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2.1<\/td>\nCrearea proceselor Unix. Apelul sistem fork()<\/td>\n138<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2.2<\/td>\nExecu\u0163ia unui program extern; apelurile sistem exec*()<\/td>\n140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2.3<\/td>\nExemple simple de utilizare exec \u015fi fork<\/td>\n142<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2.4<\/td>\nCe se mo\u015ftene\u015fte din context dup\u0103 fork \u015fi exec*?<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.2.5<\/td>\nApelurile sistem exit(), wait() \u015fi waitpid()<\/td>\n144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.3<\/td>\nSt\u0103rile unui proces Unix \u015fi tranzi\u0163ia \u00eentre st\u0103ri<\/td>\n146<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.4<\/td>\nProcese zombie<\/td>\n147<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.4.1<\/td>\nSimularea apari\u0163iei unor procese zombie<\/td>\n147<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.4.2<\/td>\nEvitarea proceselor \u201czombie\u201d; stilul System V \u015fi stilul BSD<\/td>\n149<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5<\/td>\nProcese remarcabile \u015fi daemoni<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5.1<\/td>\nProcesele de la \u00eenc\u0103rcare (bootare) la ac\u0163iunile shell<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5.2<\/td>\nOprirea sistemului<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5.3<\/td>\nSt\u0103rile sistemului de operare Unix<\/td>\n152<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5.4<\/td>\nProcese daemon<\/td>\n153<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.5.5<\/td>\nPrincipalele procese create la \u00eenc\u0103rcare<\/td>\n154<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.2.6<\/td>\nAlte apeluri sistem pentru lucrul cu procese<\/td>\n155<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3<\/td>\nComunicatii intre procese – pipe \u015fi FIFO (pipe cu nume)<\/td>\n156<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.1<\/td>\nProblematica IPC<\/td>\n156<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.1.1<\/td>\nUn contraexemplu remarcabil<\/td>\n156<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.1.2<\/td>\nComunicarea \u00eentre procese<\/td>\n157<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.1.3<\/td>\nSpecificul comunica\u0163iei \u00eentre procese prin flux de octe\u0163i<\/td>\n158<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.1.4<\/td>\nUn exemplu de problem\u0103: tip\u0103rirea de propozi\u0163ii c\u00e2te una pe linie<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.2<\/td>\nPipe sub Unix<\/td>\n162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.2.1<\/td>\nMecanismul pipe sub Unix<\/td>\n162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.2.2<\/td>\nExemplu: corectarea sumei a 4 numere<\/td>\n164<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.2.3<\/td>\nExemplu: propozi\u0163ii una pe linie<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.2.4<\/td>\nExemplu: who | sort<\/td>\n165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.3<\/td>\nFunc\u0163iile popen, pclose<\/td>\n166<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.3.1<\/td>\nDescriere<\/td>\n166<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.3.2<\/td>\nExemplu: captarea rezumatului ls -l<\/td>\n167<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.3.3<\/td>\nExemplu: afi\u015farea variabilelor de mediu \u00een ordine alfabetic\u0103<\/td>\n168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.4<\/td>\nFIFO \u2013 pipe cu nume<\/td>\n168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.4.1<\/td>\nConceptul de FIFO \u2013 pipe cu nume<\/td>\n168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.4.2<\/td>\nExemplu: propozi\u0163ii pe o linie prin FIFO<\/td>\n170<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.4.3<\/td>\nPrograme de urm\u0103rire a comport\u0103rii FIFO<\/td>\n171<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5.3.4.4<\/td>\nClient \/ server prin FIFO<\/td>\n172<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere de comenzi Ms-Dos \u015fi extensii Windows<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1<\/td>\nComenzi utile \u00een contextul fi\u015fierelor de comenzi MS-DOS<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.1<\/td>\nComenzi pentru lucrul cu discul<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.1.1<\/td>\nformat<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2<\/td>\nComenzi pentru lucrul cu directoare<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2.1<\/td>\nmkdir(md)<\/td>\n175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2.2<\/td>\nchdir(cd)<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2.3<\/td>\nrmdir(rd)<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2.4<\/td>\ndir<\/td>\n176<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.2.5<\/td>\npath<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3<\/td>\nComenzi pentru lucrul cu fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.1<\/td>\nmore<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.2<\/td>\nattrib<\/td>\n177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.3<\/td>\ndel, erase<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.4<\/td>\ncopy<\/td>\n178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.5<\/td>\nrename(ren)<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.6<\/td>\nsort<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.7<\/td>\ntype<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.8<\/td>\nfind<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.3.9<\/td>\nfc<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4<\/td>\nDirective MS-DOS<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.1<\/td>\necho<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.2<\/td>\npause<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.3<\/td>\nrem<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.4<\/td>\nset<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.5<\/td>\nshift<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.6<\/td>\ngoto<\/td>\n182<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.7<\/td>\nif<\/td>\n182<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.8<\/td>\nfor<\/td>\n183<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.4.9<\/td>\ncall<\/td>\n183<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.5<\/td>\nExemple de fi\u015fiere de comenzi MS_DOS<\/td>\n183<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.5.1<\/td>\nExemplul 1<\/td>\n183<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.1.5.2<\/td>\nExemplul 2<\/td>\n187<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2<\/td>\nExtensii Windows<\/td>\n188<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.1<\/td>\nInstruc\u0163iunea (comanda) compus\u0103.<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.2<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei FOR<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.3<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei SET \u015fi ale gestion\u0103rii variabilelor de mediu.<\/td>\n189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.4<\/td>\nEvaluarea \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a variabilelor de mediu.<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.5<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei IF.<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.5.1<\/td>\nAlternativa ELSE.<\/td>\n192<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.5.2<\/td>\nOperatori de comparare suplimentari.<\/td>\n193<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6<\/td>\nAlte extensii<\/td>\n193<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6.1<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei SHIFT.<\/td>\n193<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6.2<\/td>\nAccesarea \u015firului de parametri din linia de comand\u0103.<\/td>\n194<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6.3<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei CALL.<\/td>\n194<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6.4<\/td>\nExtensii ale directivei GOTO.<\/td>\n194<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.6.5<\/td>\nExtensii ale comenzii MD.<\/td>\n194<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.7<\/td>\nExemple de fi\u015fiere de comenzi cu extensii Windows<\/td>\n195<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.7.1<\/td>\nExemplul 1<\/td>\n195<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.2.7.2<\/td>\nExemplul 2<\/td>\n196<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nArhitectura sistemului de operare Windows<\/td>\n199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.1<\/td>\nVersiuni Windows \u2013 argumente pro \u015fi contra<\/td>\n199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.1.1<\/td>\nDiferen\u0163e \u00eentre Windows familia NT \u015fi familia Windows 9X<\/td>\n199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.1.2<\/td>\nCaracteristicile principale ale seriei NT<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.1.3<\/td>\nNivele de protec\u0163ie: Kernel Space vs User Space<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2<\/td>\nArhitectura SO Windows<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.1<\/td>\nArhitectura intern\u0103 a nucleului Windows<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.1.1<\/td>\nStructura SO Windows<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.1.2<\/td>\nNucleul Windows<\/td>\n201<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.1.3<\/td>\nExecutivul NT<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.1.4<\/td>\nMicrokernel, drivere \u015fi HAL<\/td>\n205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.2<\/td>\nSubsistemele oferite de sistemul de operare Windows<\/td>\n205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.2.1<\/td>\nCaracteristicile subsistemelor Win32, POSIX \u015fi OS\/2<\/td>\n205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.2.2<\/td>\nProcesele de baz\u0103 ale sistemului de operare<\/td>\n206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.2.2.3<\/td>\nServicii Windows<\/td>\n207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3<\/td>\nElemente de acces la fi\u015fiere sub Windows<\/td>\n207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1<\/td>\nFunc\u0163ii Win32 API pentru lucru cu fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1.1<\/td>\nCreare fi\u015fier<\/td>\n207<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1.2<\/td>\nDeschidere fi\u015fier<\/td>\n208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1.3<\/td>\nScriere \u00eentr-un fi\u015fier<\/td>\n208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1.4<\/td>\nCitire dintr-un fi\u015fier<\/td>\n208<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.1.5<\/td>\nInchidere fi\u015fier<\/td>\n209<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.2<\/td>\nBlocare de fi\u015fiere \u00een Windows la nivel zon\u0103 de date<\/td>\n209<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.2.1<\/td>\nFunc\u0163iile folosite la blocare<\/td>\n209<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.3.2.2<\/td>\nUn exemplu de blocare<\/td>\n210<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4<\/td>\nProcese Window, comunicare \u00eentre procese<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.1<\/td>\nProcese Windows<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.1.1<\/td>\nAc\u0163iunile componentelor sistem<\/td>\n211<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.1.2<\/td>\nCrearea unui proces Windows<\/td>\n212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.1.3<\/td>\nTerminarea unui proces Windows<\/td>\n213<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.2<\/td>\nPipe sub Windows NT<\/td>\n214<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.2.1<\/td>\nPipe anonim Windows<\/td>\n214<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.2.2<\/td>\nPipe cu nume sub windows<\/td>\n215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.4.2.3<\/td>\nUn exemplu de comunicare prin pipe<\/td>\n216<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5<\/td>\nStructuri interne ale sistemelor de fi\u015fiere Windows \u015fi DOS<\/td>\n219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.1<\/td>\nSistemul de fi\u015fiere FAT<\/td>\n219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.1.1<\/td>\nStructura unui disc<\/td>\n219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.1.2<\/td>\nTabela FAT<\/td>\n220<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.1.3<\/td>\nStructura directorilor<\/td>\n222<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2<\/td>\nSistemul de fisiere NTFS\/Windows<\/td>\n223<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2.1<\/td>\nStructura intern\u0103 a discului NTFS<\/td>\n223<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2.2<\/td>\nStructura Master File Table<\/td>\n224<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2.3<\/td>\nStructura \u015fi alocarea spa\u0163iului la un disc logic<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2.4<\/td>\nAtributele unui fi\u015fier<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7.5.2.5<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere sistem NTFS<\/td>\n226<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nSisteme de operare \u2013 prezentare general\u0103<\/td>\n229<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.1<\/td>\nTipuri de sisteme de operare (SO); clasific\u0103ri<\/td>\n229<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.1.1<\/td>\nClasificare dup\u0103 gradul de partajabilitate a resurselor<\/td>\n229<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.1.2<\/td>\nClasificare dup\u0103 tipurile de interac\u0163iuni permise<\/td>\n230<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.1.3<\/td>\nClasificare dup\u0103 organizarea intern\u0103 a programelor ce compun SO.<\/td>\n231<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2<\/td>\nStructura si func\u0163iile unui sistem de operare<\/td>\n232<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.1<\/td>\nSt\u0103rile unui proces \u015fi fazele unui program<\/td>\n232<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.1.1<\/td>\nSt\u0103rile unui proces<\/td>\n232<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.1.2<\/td>\nFazele unui program<\/td>\n233<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.2<\/td>\nStructura general\u0103 a unui sistem de operare<\/td>\n234<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.2.1<\/td>\nStructura unui SO<\/td>\n235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.2.2<\/td>\nPartea de control<\/td>\n235<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.2.2.3<\/td>\nPartea de servicii<\/td>\n237<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.3<\/td>\nInc\u0103rcarea (lansarea \u00een execu\u0163ie) a unui sistem de operare<\/td>\n240<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nTeoria general\u0103 a sistemelor de operare<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1<\/td>\nProcese<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.1<\/td>\nConceptul de proces<\/td>\n245<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2<\/td>\nConcuren\u0163a \u00eentre procese<\/td>\n246<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2.1<\/td>\nSec\u0163iune critic\u0103; resurs\u0103 critic\u0103; excludere mutual\u0103.<\/td>\n246<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2.2<\/td>\nConceptul de semafor.<\/td>\n249<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2.3<\/td>\nProblema produc\u0103torului \u015fi a consumatorului.<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2.4<\/td>\nRegiuni critice condi\u0163ionate.<\/td>\n251<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.2.5<\/td>\nProblema citirilor \u015fi a scrierilor.<\/td>\n253<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3<\/td>\nProblema impasului<\/td>\n254<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3.1<\/td>\nConceptul de impas.<\/td>\n255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3.2<\/td>\nIe\u015firea din impas.<\/td>\n257<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3.3<\/td>\nDetectarea impasului<\/td>\n257<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3.4<\/td>\nEvitarea (prevenirea apari\u0163iei) impasului.<\/td>\n258<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.1.3.5<\/td>\nAlocarea controlat\u0103 (conservativ\u0103) de resurse; algoritmul bancherului.<\/td>\n260<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.2<\/td>\nConceptul de multiprogramare.<\/td>\n265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.2.1<\/td>\nTrecerea unui proces dintr-o stare \u00eentr-alta<\/td>\n265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.2.1.1<\/td>\nCedarea voluntar\u0103 a procesorului<\/td>\n265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.2.1.2<\/td>\nCedarea involuntar\u0103 a procesorului<\/td>\n266<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.2.2<\/td>\nFunc\u0163ionarea unui planificator<\/td>\n266<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3<\/td>\nPlanificarea proceselor<\/td>\n267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.1<\/td>\nSarcinile planificatorului de procese.<\/td>\n267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2<\/td>\nAlgoritmi de planificare.<\/td>\n268<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.1<\/td>\nFCFS (First Come First Served)<\/td>\n269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.2<\/td>\nSJF (Shortest Job First).<\/td>\n269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.3<\/td>\nAlgoritmul bazat pe priorit\u0103\u0163i.<\/td>\n269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.4<\/td>\nAlgoritm bazat pe termene de terminare (deadline scheduling)<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.5<\/td>\nRound-Robin (planificare circular\u0103).<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.3.2.6<\/td>\nAlgoritmul de cozi pe mai multe nivele<\/td>\n270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nGestiunea memoriei<\/td>\n271<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1<\/td>\nStructur\u0103; calculul de adres\u0103<\/td>\n271<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.1<\/td>\nProblematica gestiunii memoriei<\/td>\n271<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.2<\/td>\nStructura ierarhic\u0103 de organizare a memoriei<\/td>\n272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.3<\/td>\nMecanisme de translatare a adresei<\/td>\n273<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.3.1<\/td>\nFaza de compilare<\/td>\n274<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.3.2<\/td>\nFaza edit\u0103rii de leg\u0103turi<\/td>\n274<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.1.3.3<\/td>\nFaza de \u00eenc\u0103rcare \u015fi execu\u0163ie<\/td>\n275<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.2<\/td>\nScheme simple de alocare a memoriei<\/td>\n276<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.2.1<\/td>\nClasificarea tehnicilor de alocare<\/td>\n276<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.2.2<\/td>\nAlocarea la sistemele monoutilizator<\/td>\n276<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.2.3<\/td>\nAlocarea cu parti\u0163ii fixe<\/td>\n277<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.2.4<\/td>\nAlocarea cu parti\u0163ii variabile<\/td>\n278<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.3<\/td>\nMecanisme de memorie virtual\u0103<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.3.1<\/td>\nAlocarea paginat\u0103<\/td>\n280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.3.2<\/td>\nAlocare segmentat\u0103<\/td>\n282<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.3.3<\/td>\nAlocare segmentat\u0103 \u015fi paginat\u0103<\/td>\n283<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4<\/td>\nPlanificarea schimburilor cu memoria<\/td>\n284<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.1<\/td>\nIntreb\u0103rile gestiunii memoriei \u015fi politici de schimb.<\/td>\n284<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2<\/td>\nPolitici de plasare.<\/td>\n285<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2.1<\/td>\nMetode de plasare \u015fi structuri de date folosite<\/td>\n285<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2.2<\/td>\nMetoda primei potriviri (First-fit).<\/td>\n288<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2.3<\/td>\nMetoda celei mai bune potriviri (Best-fit).<\/td>\n288<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2.4<\/td>\nMetoda celei mai rele potriviri (Worst-fit).<\/td>\n288<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.2.5<\/td>\nMetoda aloc\u0103rii prin camarazi (Buddy-system).<\/td>\n288<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.3<\/td>\nPolitici de \u00eenc\u0103rcare.<\/td>\n290<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.4<\/td>\nPolitici de \u00eenlocuire.<\/td>\n291<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.4.1<\/td>\nMetoda NRU.<\/td>\n292<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.4.2<\/td>\nMetoda FIFO.<\/td>\n292<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.4.3<\/td>\nMetoda LRU.<\/td>\n293<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10.4.5<\/td>\nCum func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 o memorie cache?<\/td>\n294<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nIntr\u0103ri \/ ie\u015firi la nivel fizic<\/td>\n297<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1<\/td>\nTehnica zonelor tampon temporare (buffering, caching)<\/td>\n297<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.1<\/td>\nMecanismul zonelor tampon temporare<\/td>\n297<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2<\/td>\nAplica\u0163ii ale zonelor tampon temporare<\/td>\n298<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2.1<\/td>\nAcces bufferizat la un fi\u015fier<\/td>\n298<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2.2<\/td>\nIntre\u0163inerea unui cache disc<\/td>\n299<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2.3<\/td>\nIntre\u0163inerea unui cache Web<\/td>\n299<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2.4<\/td>\nConectarea pipe \u00eentre dou\u0103 comenzi<\/td>\n299<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.1.2.5<\/td>\nMemoria cache<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.2<\/td>\nCanalul de intrare \/ ie\u015fire<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.2.1.1<\/td>\nCanalul \u015fi interac\u0163iunea lui cu procesorul central<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.2.1.2<\/td>\nUtilizarea zonelor tampon multiple.<\/td>\n302<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3<\/td>\nElemente specifice lucrului cu discul<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.1<\/td>\nParti\u0163ionarea unui hard disc<\/td>\n304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.2<\/td>\nPlanificarea accesului la discul magnetic<\/td>\n305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.2.1<\/td>\nProblematica planific\u0103rii accesului la disc<\/td>\n305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.2.2<\/td>\nReducerea accesului la sectoare vecine<\/td>\n306<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.2.3<\/td>\nReducerea a\u015ftept\u0103rii rota\u0163iei<\/td>\n308<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11.3.2.4<\/td>\nReducerea timpului de pozi\u0163ionare<\/td>\n309<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nSistemul de gestiune a fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.1<\/td>\nGestiunea fi\u015fierelor privit\u0103 de utilizator<\/td>\n313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.1.1<\/td>\nVolum, fi\u015fier, articol, c\u00e2mp, cheie, index<\/td>\n313<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.1.2<\/td>\nConceptul de fi\u015fier abstract<\/td>\n314<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.1.3<\/td>\nTipuri de acces la articole.<\/td>\n315<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.1.4<\/td>\nClasific\u0103ri ale fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2<\/td>\nModuri de organizare ale fi\u015fierelor<\/td>\n317<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.1<\/td>\nAcces direct prin pozi\u0163ie<\/td>\n317<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.2<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere inverse<\/td>\n318<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.3<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere multilist\u0103<\/td>\n319<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.4<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere secven\u0163ial-indexate<\/td>\n320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.5<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere selective<\/td>\n322<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.2.6<\/td>\nFi\u015fiere organizate folosind B-arbori<\/td>\n322<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.3<\/td>\nAc\u0163iunile SGF la nivel de articol<\/td>\n324<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.3.1<\/td>\nActualizarea fi\u015fierelor cu suport altul dec\u00e2t discul<\/td>\n324<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.3.2<\/td>\nScrierea \u015fi actualizarea fi\u015fierelor disc<\/td>\n325<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.3.3<\/td>\nModificarea fi\u015fierelor text<\/td>\n326<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.3.4<\/td>\nGruparea articolelor \u00een zone tampon<\/td>\n327<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.4<\/td>\nAc\u0163iunile SGF la nivel de fi\u015fier<\/td>\n328<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.4.1<\/td>\nDescriptorul de fi\u015fier<\/td>\n328<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.4.2<\/td>\nRutina de deschidere Open<\/td>\n329<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.4.3<\/td>\nRutina de \u00eenchidere Close<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.4.4<\/td>\nAlte opera\u0163ii globale cu fi\u015fiere<\/td>\n330<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5<\/td>\nAc\u0163iunile SGF la nivel de suport disc<\/td>\n332<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.1<\/td>\nSisteme de cataloage (directori)<\/td>\n333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.1.1<\/td>\nDirectori cu un singur nivel<\/td>\n333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.1.2<\/td>\nDirectori cu dou\u0103 nivele<\/td>\n333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.1.3<\/td>\nDirectori cu structur\u0103 arborescent\u0103<\/td>\n334<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.1.4<\/td>\nDirectori cu structur\u0103 de graf aciclic<\/td>\n334<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.2<\/td>\nEviden\u0163a spa\u0163iului liber disc<\/td>\n334<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12.5.3<\/td>\nAlocarea spa\u0163iului pentru fi\u015fiere disc<\/td>\n337<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nBibliografie<\/td>\n339<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autori: Florian Mircea Boian, Alexandru Vancea, Darius Bufnea, Claudiu Cobarzan, Rares Boian, Adrian Sterca, Dan Cojocar Titlu: Sisteme de operare Editura: Risoprint Anul aparitiei: 2006 ISBN: 973-751-220-0, 978-973-751-220-8 Pagini: 350 Cuprins 1 Elemente de interfa\u0163\u0103 exterioar\u0103 Unix 1 1.1 Probleme… Continue Reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1540,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25\/revisions\/1540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cs.ubbcluj.ro\/~bufny\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}